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Mandarin Toneless

Mandarin All Tones

Baxter Pulleyblank Karlgren

Mandarin

Cantonese

MCB

OCB

qīn

can1

qīn

cam1

tshim

[]ɨm

qīn

jam1

khim

[khw]ɨm

qīn

caam1

cam1

tshimX

tsim

tsrhim

qīn

qìn

jam1

jam1

khim

khim

[khw]ɨm

[khw]ɨm

qīn

zam3

tshim

tsimH

[]ɨms

[ts]ɨm

qīn

sam3

srimH

qīn

qìn

can3

can3

tshinH

tsrhinH

tsrin

tshinH

tsrhinH

tsrin

qīn

cam1

cim1

sjem

tshim

tsim

[ts]ɨm

[tsh]ɨm

[tsh]ɨm

qīn

kam1

khim

[khw]ɨm

qīn

can1

can3

tshinH

zyin

[rj]in

[srj]ins

qīn

qǐn

cim1

cim1

tshimX

tsjem

tshimX

tsjem

[tsh]ɨmʔ

[tshr]ɨm

[tsh]ɨmʔ

[tshr]ɨm

qīn

gap3

hap6

kop

ngomX

qīn

ham6

jam1

khim

khjimX

ngomX

[]ɨmʔ

[khw]ɨm

[khw]ɨmʔ

qīn

jim5

drimX

ngjemX

qīn

cam1

tshim

tsrhim

[ts]ɨm

[ts]ɨm

qín

kam4

gim

qín

gaan2

kaan4

saap1

[]ɨn

qín

gam6

kaam4

gim

qín

kam4

gim

khjæm

khjæmH

khom

qín

dam2

gim

trimX

qín

sam4

dzrim

gim

qín

kam4

gim

ging

qín

saan4

hwajH

qín

gaam3

gimH

qín

kan4

gjɨn

[gwj]ɨn

qín

kam4

qín

gim

qín

gan2

gan6

kan4

ginH

qín

kan4

gjɨn

kjɨnX

[gwj]ɨn

[kwj]ɨnʔ

qín

kan4

gjɨn

[gwj]ɨn

qín

kan4

gjɨn

qín

kam4

gim

qín

kam4

gim

[gwj]ɨm

qín

kan4

qín

sam4

dzim

dzrim

qín

gan2

kjɨnX

qín

kam4

gim

qín

zeon1

tsrin

[tsrj]ɨn

qín

gim

gimX

qín

kam4

gim

[gwj]ɨm

qín

ging1

gwaan1

gwan1

king

[k(r)j]ɨng

qín

kam4

gim

[gwj]ɨm

qín

ceon4

dzin

[dzj]in

qín

gim

qín

kam4

gim

[gwj]ɨm

qín

kan4

gjɨn

[gwj]ɨn

qín

kjɨnX

qín

gan2

qín

zeon1

tsrin

[tsrj]ɨn

qín

kei4

gi

gjɨn

kjɨj

[gwj]ɨn

[gwj]ɨn

[kwj]ɨj

qín

ceon4

dzin

[dzj]in

qín

taam4

dom

[l]ɨm

qín

gimH

qín

kim4

zyun3

gjem

thep

qín

gim

gjem

qín

kam4

gim

[gwj]ɨm

qín

ling4

gjem

qín

gim

qǐn

cam2

tshimX

qǐn

gam2

jam2

khimX

[khw]ɨmʔ

qǐn

cam2

tshimX

qǐn

cam2

tshimX

[tsh]ɨmʔ

qǐn

khinX

khjinH

qǐn

khjɨnX

qìn

kaam4

kim4

saam3

zaam1

tshimH

qìn

cam3

tshimH

qìn

cam3

qìn

zam3

[ts]ɨm

qìn

tshinH

zyin

[rj]in

[srj]ins

qìn

can3

tsrhinH

[rj]ins

qìn

sam3

tshimH

qìn

khenH

khinH

qìn

gam1

kam1

kim

[kw]ɨm

Mandarin

EM

Cantonese

LMC

EMC

OCP

qīn

can1

qīn

ts‘im

cam1

ts‘im

ts‘im

[k‑kj]ə̀m

qīn

k‘im

jam1

k‘im

k‘im

[x(r)]ə̀m

qīn

caam1

cam1

tsim

ts‘im´

tʂ‘ǝm

tsim

ts‘imˀ

tʂ‘im

qīn

qìn

k‘im

k‘im

jam1

jam1

k‘im

k‘im

k‘im

k‘im

[x(r)]ə̀m

[x(r)]ə̀m

qīn

tsim

tsim`

zam3

tsim`

ts‘im

tsimʰ

ts‘im

[kj]ə̀mʃ

[k‑kj]ə̀m

qīn

ʂǝm`

sam3

ʂǝm`

ʂimʰ

qīn

qìn

can3

can3

ts‘in`

tʂǝn

tʂ‘ǝn`

ts‘in`

tʂǝn

tʂ‘ǝn`

*tʂ‘inʰ

ts‘inʰ

tʂin

*tʂ‘inʰ

ts‘inʰ

tʂin

qīn

tsim

cam1

cim1

siam

tsim

ts‘im

siam

tsim

ts‘im

[]ə̀m

[kj]ə̀m

[k‑kj]ə̀m

qīn

k‘im

kam1

k‘im

k‘im

[x(r)]ə̀m

qīn

ts‘in

can1

can3

ts‘in`

tʂɦin

ts‘inʰ

ʑin

[lj]ə̀n

[s‑sj]ə̀nʃ

qīn

qǐn

cim1

cim1

tsiam

ts‘im´

tsiam

ts‘im´

tsiam

ts‘imˀ

tsiam

ts‘imˀ

[kj]ǝm

[k‑kj]ə̀mă

[kj]ǝm

[k‑kj]ə̀mă

qīn

gap3

hap6

kap

ŋam´

kǝp

ŋǝmˀ

qīn

ham6

jam1

k‘im

k‘jim´

ŋam´

k‘im

k‘jimˀ

ŋǝmˀ

[x(r)]ə̀m

[xj]ə̀mă

[ăx]ə́mă

qīn

jim5

trɦim´

ŋiam´

drimˀ

ŋiamˀ

qīn

tsim

cam1

ts‘im

tʂ‘ǝm

ts‘im

tʂ‘im

[k‑kj]ə̀m

[k‑krj]ə̀m

qín

kam4

kɦim

gim

qín

gaan2

kaan4

saap1

[‑]ǝn

qín

gam6

kaam4

kɦim

gim

qín

kam4

kɦim

k‘am

k‘iam

k‘iam`

gim

k‘ǝm

k‘ɨam

k‘ɨamʰ

qín

dam2

kɦim

trim´

gim

trimˀ

qín

sam4

kɦim

tʂɦǝm

dʐim

gim

qín

kam4

kɦim

kɦiăŋ

gim

giŋ

qín

saan4

xɦuaj`

ɣwajʰ

qín

gaam3

kɦim`

gimʰ

qín

k‘in´

kan4

kɦin

gɨn

[w]ə̀n

qín

k‘im´

kam4

qín

kɦim

gim

qín

gan2

gan6

kan4

kɦin`

ginʰ

qín

kan4

kin´

kɦin

gɨn

kɨnˀ

[w]ə̀n

[x]ə̀nă

qín

k‘in´

kan4

kɦin

gɨn

[w]ə̀n

qín

kan4

kɦin

gɨn

qín

kam4

kɦim

gim

qín

k‘im´

kam4

kɦim

gim

[w(r)]ə̀m

qín

kan4

qín

sam4

tsɦim

tʂɦǝm

dzim

dʐim

qín

kinˇ

gan2

kin´

kɨnˀ

qín

k‘im´

kam4

kɦim

gim

qín

zeon1

tʂǝn

tʂin

[krj]ə̀n

qín

kim`

kɦim

kɦim´

gim

gimˀ

qín

k‘im´

kam4

kɦim

gim

[w(r)]ə̀m

qín

kiŋ

ging1

gwaan1

gwan1

kiăŋ

kiŋ

[x]ə̀ŋ

qín

k‘im´

kam4

kɦim

gim

[w(r)]ə̀m

qín

ts‘in´

ceon4

tsɦin

dzin

[ăkj]ə̀n

qín

kɦim

gim

qín

k‘im´

kam4

kɦim

gim

[w(r)]ə̀m

qín

k‘in´

kan4

kɦin

gɨn

[w]ə̀n

qín

kin´

kɨnˀ

qín

gan2

qín

ts‘in´

zeon1

tʂǝn

tʂin

[krj]ə̀n

qín

kei4

ki

kɦi

kɦin

gɨ

gɨn

kɨj

[w]ǝn

[w]ə̀n

[x]ə̀l

qín

ceon4

tsɦin

dzin

[ăkj]ə̀n

qín

t‘am´

taam4

tɦam

dǝm

[ăxj]ə́m

qín

kɦim`

gimʰ

qín

kim4

zyun3

kɦiam

t‘iap

giam

t‘ɛp

qín

kɦiam

kɦim

giam

gim

qín

kam4

kɦim

gim

[w(r)]ə̀m

qín

ling4

kɦiam

giam

qín

kɦim

gim

qǐn

cam2

ts‘im´

ts‘imˀ

qǐn

gam2

jam2

k‘im´

k‘imˀ

[x(r)]ə̀mă

qǐn

ts‘imˇ

cam2

ts‘im´

ts‘imˀ

qǐn

cam2

ts‘im´

ts‘imˀ

[k‑kj]ə̀mă

qǐn

k‘in´

k‘jin`

*k‘inˀ

k‘jinʰ

qǐn

k‘in´

k‘ɨnˀ

qìn

kaam4

kim4

saam3

zaam1

ts‘im`

ts‘imʰ

qìn

cam3

ts‘im`

ts‘imʰ

qìn

cam3

qìn

zam3

[‑]ǝm

qìn

ts‘in`

tʂɦin

ts‘inʰ

ʑin

[lj]ə̀n

[s‑sj]ə̀nʃ

qìn

can3

tʂ‘ǝn`

*tʂ‘inʰ

[k‑krj]ə̀nʃ

qìn

ts‘im`

sam3

ts‘im`

ts‘imʰ

qìn

k‘in`

k‘jian`

k‘inʰ

k‘ɛnʰ

qìn

kim

gam1

kam1

kim

kim

[x(r)]ə̀m

Mandarin

Cantonese

MCK

OCK

qīn

can1

qīn

cam1

ts‘i̯ǝm1

ts‘i̯ǝm1

qīn

jam1

k‘i̯ǝm1

k‘i̯ǝm1

qīn

caam1

cam1

tsi̯ǝm1

tṣ‘i̯ǝm1

ts‘i̯ǝm2

qīn

qìn

jam1

jam1

k‘i̯ǝm1

k‘i̯ǝm1

k‘i̯ǝm1

k‘i̯ǝm1

qīn

zam3

tsi̯ǝm3

ts‘i̯ǝm1

tsi̯ǝm3

ts‘i̯ǝm1

qīn

sam3

ṣi̯ǝm3

qīn

qìn

can3

can3

tṣi̯ĕn1

tṣ‘i̯ĕn3

ts‘i̯ĕn3

tṣi̯ĕn1

tṣ‘i̯ĕn3

ts‘i̯ĕn3

qīn

cam1

cim1

si̯äm1

tsi̯ǝm1

ts‘i̯ǝm1

sǝm1!!

tsi̯ǝm1

ts‘i̯ǝm1

qīn

kam1

k‘i̯ǝm1

k‘i̯ǝm1

qīn

can1

can3

dź‘i̯ĕn1

ts‘i̯ĕn3

dˆ‘i̯ĕn1

ts‘i̯ĕn3

qīn

qǐn

cim1

cim1

tsi̯äm1

ts‘i̯ǝm2

tsi̯äm1

ts‘i̯ǝm2

tsǝm1!!

ts‘i̯ǝm2

tsǝm1!!

ts‘i̯ǝm2

qīn

gap3

hap6

kập

ngậm2

qīn

ham6

jam1

k‘i̯ǝm1

k‘i̯ǝm2

ngậm2

k‘i̯ǝm1

k‘i̯ǝm2

ngǝm2

qīn

jim5

dˆ‘i̯ǝm2

ngi̯äm2

qīn

cam1

tṣ‘i̯ǝm1

ts‘i̯ǝm1

tṣ‘i̯ǝm1

ts‘i̯ǝm1

qín

kam4

g‘i̯ǝm1

qín

gaan2

kaan4

saap1

-ǝn1??

qín

gam6

kaam4

g‘i̯ǝm1

qín

kam4

g‘i̯ǝm1

k‘i̯ɒm1

k‘i̯ɒm3

k‘ậm1

qín

dam2

g‘i̯ǝm1

tˆi̯ǝm2

qín

sam4

dẓ‘i̯ǝm1

g‘i̯ǝm1

qín

kam4

g‘i̯ǝm1

g‘i̯ǝng1

qín

saan4

ɣwâi3

qín

gaam3

g‘i̯ǝm3

qín

kan4

g‘i̯ǝn1

g‘i̯ǝn1

qín

kam4

qín

g‘i̯ǝm1

qín

gan2

gan6

kan4

g‘i̯ĕn3

qín

kan4

g‘i̯ǝn1

ki̯ǝn2

g‘i̯ǝn1

ki̯ǝn2

qín

kan4

g‘i̯ǝn1

g‘i̯ǝn1

qín

kan4

g‘i̯ǝn1

qín

kam4

g‘i̯ǝm1

qín

kam4

g‘i̯ǝm1

g‘i̯ǝm1

qín

kan4

qín

sam4

dẓ‘i̯ǝm1

dz‘i̯ǝm1

qín

gan2

ki̯ǝn2

qín

kam4

g‘i̯ǝm1

qín

zeon1

tṣi̯ĕn1

tṣi̯ɛn1

qín

g‘i̯ǝm1

g‘i̯ǝm2

qín

kam4

g‘i̯ǝm1

g‘i̯ǝm1

qín

ging1

gwaan1

gwan1

ki̯ǝng1

ki̯ǝng1

qín

kam4

g‘i̯ǝm1

g‘i̯ǝm1

qín

ceon4

dz‘i̯ĕn1

dz‘i̯ĕn1

qín

g‘i̯ǝm1

qín

kam4

g‘i̯ǝm1

g‘i̯ǝm1

qín

kan4

g‘i̯ǝn1

g‘i̯ǝn1

qín

ki̯ǝn2

qín

gan2

qín

zeon1

tṣi̯ĕn1

tṣi̯ɛn1

qín

kei4

g‘i1

g‘i̯ǝn1

kḙi1

g‘i̯ǝn1

g‘ǝn1!!

ki̯ǝr1

qín

ceon4

dz‘i̯ĕn1

dz‘i̯ĕn1

qín

taam4

d‘ậm1

d‘ǝm1

qín

g‘i̯ǝm3

qín

kim4

zyun3

g‘i̯äm1

t‘iep

qín

g‘i̯äm1

g‘i̯ǝm1

qín

kam4

g‘i̯ǝm1

g‘i̯ǝm1

qín

ling4

g‘i̯äm1

qín

g‘i̯ǝm1

qǐn

cam2

ts‘i̯ǝm2

qǐn

gam2

jam2

k‘i̯ǝm2

k‘i̯ǝm2

qǐn

cam2

ts‘i̯ǝm2

qǐn

cam2

ts‘i̯ǝm2

ts‘i̯ǝm2

qǐn

k‘i̯ĕn2

k‘i̯ĕn3

qǐn

k‘i̯ǝn2

qìn

kaam4

kim4

saam3

zaam1

ts‘i̯ǝm3

qìn

cam3

ts‘i̯ǝm3

qìn

cam3

qìn

zam3

-ǝm1??

qìn

dź‘i̯ĕn1

ts‘i̯ĕn3

dˆ‘i̯ĕn1

ts‘i̯ĕn3

qìn

can3

tṣ‘i̯ĕn3

tṣ‘i̯ĕn3

qìn

sam3

ts‘i̯ǝm3

qìn

k‘ien3

k‘i̯ĕn3

qìn

gam1

kam1

ki̯ǝm1

ki̯ǝm1