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Mandarin Toneless

Mandarin All Tones

Baxter Pulleyblank Karlgren

Mandarin

Cantonese

MCB

OCB

jīn

gam1

kim

[kw]ɨm

jīn

dzim

tsim

jīn

zam1

dzim

jīn

gan1

kin

[krj]ɨn

jīn

gan1

kjɨn

kjɨnH

[kwj]ɨn

[kwj]ɨns

jīn

zeon1

tsin

[tsj]in

jīn

jìn

zeon3

zeon3

tsin

tsinH

tsin

tsinH

jīn

ging1

gwaan1

gwan1

king

[k(r)j]ɨng

jīn

jìn

zam1

zam1

tsim

tsimH

tsim

tsimH

[tsh]ɨm

[tsh]ɨms

[tsh]ɨm

[tsh]ɨms

jīn

jìn

gam1

gam3

kam1

gam1

gam3

kam1

kim

kimH

kim

kimH

[]ɨm

[]ɨms

[]ɨm

[]ɨms

jīn

gan1

kjɨn

[kj]ɨn

jīn

jìn

gam1

gam3

kam1

gam1

gam3

kam1

gimH

gimH

[gwj]ɨms

[gwj]ɨms

jīn

laak6

lak6

lok

jīn

khim

jīn

gam1

kam1

kim

[kw]ɨm

jīn

kam1

kim

[]ɨm

jīn

jìn

gam1

gam1

kim

kim

[kw]ɨm

[kw]ɨm

jīn

gan1

kjɨn

nginX

[kwj]ɨn

[rj]ɨnʔ

jīn

kim

jǐn

gan2

ginH

jǐn

zeon2

tsinX

jǐn

gaan2

hong4

kjɨnX

jǐn

tsimX

tsom

jǐn

tshimX

tsimX

jǐn

gaan2

tsimX

jǐn

jìn

gan2

gan6

gan2

gan6

ginH

ginH

[gwrj]ɨns

[gwrj]ɨns

jǐn

zeon2

jǐn

kjɨnX

jǐn

gan2

gin

kjɨnX

[gwrj]ɨn

[kwj]ɨnʔ

jǐn

gan2

gan6

kan4

ginH

jǐn

jìn

kan4

kan4

gjɨn

kjɨnX

gjɨn

kjɨnX

[gwj]ɨn

[kwj]ɨnʔ

[gwj]ɨn

[kwj]ɨnʔ

jǐn

gan2

kjɨnX

jǐn

jìn

gan2

gan6

gan2

gan6

ginH

ginH

[gwrj]ɨns

[gwrj]ɨns

jǐn

kjɨnX

jǐn

jìn

gan2

gan6

gan2

gan6

ginH

ginH

[gwrj]ɨns

[gwrj]ɨns

jǐn

jìn

zeon6

zeon6

dzinX

tsinX

dzinX

tsinX

[dzj]inʔ

[tsj]inʔ

[dzj]inʔ

[tsj]inʔ

jǐn

gan2

kjinX

[kj]inʔ

jǐn

jìn

gan2

gan2

jǐn

jìn

gan2

gan6

gan2

gan6

ginH

ginH

[gwrj]ɨns

[gwrj]ɨns

jǐn

gan2

kjɨnX

[kwj]ɨnʔ

jǐn

gam2

kimX

[kw]ɨmʔ

jǐn

gan2

gan6

ginH

[gwrj]ɨns

jìn

gaam1

gaam3

kaam4

naap1

kim

jìn

gaam3

gin

kjɨnH

jìn

gam3

kimH

jìn

kaam5

xɛm

jìn

zeon6

zinH

jìn

caam4

saam4

tsrim

jìn

zeon6

jìn

caam1

caan2

zaam3

jìn

lam4

zim4

ngjæm

jìn

ngjɨn

jìn

zeon3

tsinH

jìn

san4

dzyin

tsyinH

jìn

gaam3

ging6

gimX

jimH

jìn

gaam3

gimH

jìn

gam3

kimH

ngimX

jìn

gimH

jìn

kjɨnH

jìn

ging3

ging6

kjiengH

[khw]engs

jìn

gam3

kam1

gimH

gimX

[]ɨms

[]ɨmʔ

jìn

gan2

gan6

gin

ginH

[gwrj]ɨn

[gwrj]ɨns

jìn

kam5

tshyem

xem

xɛm

jìn

zam3

[ts]ɨm

jìn

zeon3

tsinH

[tsj]ins

jìn

zeon3

tsinH

[tsj]ins

jìn

zeon3

jìn

thejH

[hr]ijs

jìn

tsinH

jìn

ginH

jìn

zam3

tshim

tsimH

[]ɨms

[ts]ɨm

jìn

daam1

zaam3

drim

khɛmX

tom

[dr]ɨm

[r]ɨmʔ

[t]ɨm

jìn

tsimH

jìn

zeon6

dzinX

dzrinX

tsin

zinH

jìn

zeon2

zeon6

zinH

[j]ins

jìn

tsinH

jìn

gan2

kan4

ginH

gjɨn

gjɨnX

jìn

zeon3

tsinH

[tsj]ins

jìn

kei4

[]ɨn

jìn

gan2

[]ɨn

jìn

zeon2

zinH

[j]ins

jìn

ngim

jìn

zeon2

zinH

[j]ins

jìn

zeon2

[]in

jìn

gan6

kan5

gjɨnH

gjɨnX

[gwj]ɨns

[gwj]ɨnʔ

jìn

zeon3

jìn

zeon3

tsinH

[tsj]ins

jìn

cim1

tshimX

tsjem

[tsh]ɨmʔ

[tshr]ɨm

jìn

kam4

gim

[gwj]ɨm

jìn

gan3

kjɨnH

[kwj]ɨns

jìn

gimH

jìn

Mandarin

EM

Cantonese

LMC

EMC

OCP

jīn

kim

gam1

kim

kim

[x(r)]ə̀m

jīn

tsim

tsɦim

dzim

tsim

jīn

zam1

tsɦim

dzim

jīn

kin

gan1

kin

kin

[xj]ə̀n

jīn

kin

gan1

kin

kin`

kɨn

kɨnʰ

[x]ə̀n

[x]ə̀nʃ

jīn

tsin

zeon1

tsin

tsin

[kj]ə̀n

jīn

jìn

tsin`

tsin`

zeon3

zeon3

tsin

tsin`

tsin

tsin`

tsin

tsinʰ

tsin

tsinʰ

jīn

kiŋ

ging1

gwaan1

gwan1

kiăŋ

kiŋ

[x]ə̀ŋ

jīn

jìn

tsim`

tsim`

zam1

zam1

tsim

tsim`

tsim

tsim`

tsim

tsimʰ

tsim

tsimʰ

[kj]ə̀m

[kj]ə̀mʃ

[kj]ə̀m

[kj]ə̀mʃ

jīn

jìn

kim

kim`

kim

kim`

gam1

gam3

kam1

gam1

gam3

kam1

kim

kim`

kim

kim`

kim

kimʰ

kim

kimʰ

[x(r)]ə̀m

[x(r)]ə̀mʃ

[x(r)]ə̀m

[x(r)]ə̀mʃ

jīn

kin

gan1

kin

kɨn

[x]ə̀n

jīn

jìn

gam1

gam3

kam1

gam1

gam3

kam1

kɦim`

kɦim`

gimʰ

gimʰ

[w(r)]ə̀mʃ

[w(r)]ə̀mʃ

jīn

lǝj`

laak6

lak6

lǝăk

lǝk

jīn

k‘im

k‘im

jīn

kim

gam1

kam1

kim

kim

[x(r)]ə̀m

jīn

kim

kam1

kim

kim

[x(r)]ə̀m

jīn

jìn

kim

kim

gam1

gam1

kim

kim

kim

kim

[x(r)]ə̀m

[x(r)]ə̀m

jīn

gan1

kin

ŋin´

kɨn

ŋinˀ

[x]ə̀n

[ăxj]ə̀nă

jīn

kim

kim

jǐn

gan2

kɦin`

ginʰ

jǐn

zeon2

tsin´

tsinˀ

jǐn

gaan2

hong4

kin´

kɨnˀ

jǐn

tsam

tsam

tsim´

tsimˀ

tsǝm

jǐn

tsim´

ts‘im´

tsimˀ

ts‘imˀ

jǐn

gaan2

tsim´

tsimˀ

jǐn

jìn

gan2

gan6

gan2

gan6

kɦin`

kɦin`

ginʰ

ginʰ

[wj]ə̀nʃ

[wj]ə̀nʃ

jǐn

Tsinˇ

zeon2

jǐn

kinˇ

kin´

kɨnˀ

jǐn

gan2

kin´

kɦin

gin

kɨnˀ

[wj]ə̀n

[x]ə̀nă

jǐn

gan2

gan6

kan4

kɦin`

ginʰ

jǐn

jìn

kan4

kan4

kin´

kɦin

kin´

kɦin

gɨn

kɨnˀ

gɨn

kɨnˀ

[w]ə̀n

[x]ə̀nă

[w]ə̀n

[x]ə̀nă

jǐn

kinˇ

gan2

kin´

kɨnˀ

jǐn

jìn

gan2

gan6

gan2

gan6

kɦin`

kɦin`

ginʰ

ginʰ

[wj]ə̀nʃ

[wj]ə̀nʃ

jǐn

kin´

kɨnˀ

jǐn

jìn

kinˇ

kinˇ

gan2

gan6

gan2

gan6

kɦin`

kɦin`

ginʰ

ginʰ

[wj]ə̀nʃ

[wj]ə̀nʃ

jǐn

jìn

zeon6

zeon6

tsin´

tsɦin´

tsin´

tsɦin´

dzinˀ

tsinˀ

dzinˀ

tsinˀ

[kj]ə̀nă

[ăkj]ə̀nă

[kj]ə̀nă

[ăkj]ə̀nă

jǐn

kinˇ

gan2

kjin´

kjinˀ

[xj]ə̀nă

jǐn

jìn

gan2

gan2

jǐn

jìn

kin`

kin`

gan2

gan6

gan2

gan6

kɦin`

kɦin`

ginʰ

ginʰ

[wj]ə̀nʃ

[wj]ə̀nʃ

jǐn

kinˇ

gan2

kin´

kɨnˀ

[x]ə̀nă

jǐn

kimˇ

gam2

kim´

kimˀ

[x(r)]ə̀mă

jǐn

gan2

gan6

kɦin`

ginʰ

[wj]ə̀nʃ

jìn

gaam1

gaam3

kaam4

naap1

kim

kim

jìn

gaam3

kin`

kɦin

gin

kɨnʰ

jìn

gam3

kim`

kimʰ

jìn

kaam5

xjaam

xɛrm

jìn

zeon6

sɦin`

zinʰ

jìn

caam4

saam4

tʂǝm

tʂim

jìn

tsin`

zeon6

jìn

caam1

caan2

zaam3

jìn

lam4

zim4

ŋiam

ŋɨam

jìn

ŋin

ŋɨn

jìn

zeon3

tsin`

tsinʰ

jìn

san4

tʂin`

ʂɦin

dʑin

tɕinʰ

jìn

gaam3

ging6

im`

kɦim´

gimˀ

jimʰ

jìn

gaam3

kɦim`

gimʰ

jìn

gam3

kim`

ŋim´

kimʰ

ŋimˀ

jìn

kɦim`

gimʰ

jìn

kin`

kɨnʰ

jìn

kiŋ`

ging3

ging6

kjiajŋ`

kjiajŋʰ

[kwj]àŋjʃ

jìn

kim`

kimˇ

gam3

kam1

kɦim`

kɦim´

gimʰ

gimˀ

[w(r)]ə̀mă

[w(r)]ə̀mʃ

jìn

gan2

gan6

kɦin

kɦin`

gin

ginʰ

[wj]ə̀n

[wj]ə̀nʃ

jìn

kam5

tʂ‘iam

xjaam

xjiam

tɕ‘iam

xɛm

xɛrm

jìn

zam3

[‑]ǝm

jìn

zeon3

tsin`

tsinʰ

[kj]ə̀nʃ

jìn

tsin`

zeon3

tsin`

tsinʰ

[kj]ə̀nʃ

jìn

zeon3

jìn

t‘iaj`

t‘ɛjʰ

[k‑kj]ə́jʃ

jìn

tsin`

tsinʰ

jìn

kɦin`

ginʰ

jìn

tsim

tsim`

zam3

tsim`

ts‘im

tsimʰ

ts‘im

[kj]ə̀mʃ

[k‑kj]ə̀m

jìn

tʂam`

tʂ‘im´

daam1

zaam3

k‘iam´

tam

trɦim

*k‘ɛrmˀ

drim

tǝm

[t]ə́m

[xr]ə́mă

[ătr]ə̀m

jìn

tsim`

tsimʰ

jìn

zeon6

sɦin`

tsin

tsɦin´

tʂɦǝn´

*dʐinˀ

dzinˀ

tsin

zinʰ

jìn

sin`

zeon2

zeon6

sɦin`

zinʰ

[ăsj]ə̀nʃ

jìn

tsin`

tsinʰ

jìn

gan2

kan4

kɦin

kɦin`

kɦin´

ginʰ

gɨn

gɨnˀ

jìn

zeon3

tsin`

tsinʰ

[kj]ə̀nʃ

jìn

kei4

[‑]ǝn

jìn

gan2

[‑]ǝn

jìn

zeon2

sɦin`

zinʰ

[ăsj]ə̀nʃ

jìn

ŋim

ŋim

jìn

zeon2

sɦin`

zinʰ

[ăsj]ə̀nʃ

jìn

sin`

zeon2

[‑]ǝŋj

jìn

kin`

gan6

kan5

kɦin`

kɦin´

gɨnʰ

gɨnˀ

[w]ə̀nă

[w]ə̀nʃ

jìn

puŋ`

zeon3

jìn

tsin`

zeon3

tsin`

tsinʰ

[kj]ə̀nʃ

jìn

cim1

tsiam

ts‘im´

tsiam

ts‘imˀ

[kj]ǝm

[k‑kj]ə̀mă

jìn

kam4

kɦim

gim

[w(r)]ə̀m

jìn

gan3

kin`

kɨnʰ

[x]ə̀nʃ

jìn

kɦim`

gimʰ

jìn

Mandarin

Cantonese

MCK

OCK

jīn

gam1

ki̯ǝm1

ki̯ǝm1

jīn

dz‘i̯ǝm1

tsi̯ǝm1

jīn

zam1

dz‘i̯ǝm1

jīn

gan1

ki̯ĕn1

ki̯ɛn1

jīn

gan1

ki̯ǝn1

ki̯ǝn3

ki̯ǝn1

ki̯ǝn3

jīn

zeon1

tsi̯ĕn1

tsi̯ĕn1

jīn

jìn

zeon3

zeon3

tsi̯ĕn1

tsi̯ĕn3

tsi̯ĕn1

tsi̯ĕn3

jīn

ging1

gwaan1

gwan1

ki̯ǝng1

ki̯ǝng1

jīn

jìn

zam1

zam1

tsi̯ǝm1

tsi̯ǝm3

tsi̯ǝm1

tsi̯ǝm3

tsi̯ǝm1

tsi̯ǝm3

tsi̯ǝm1

tsi̯ǝm3

jīn

jìn

gam1

gam3

kam1

gam1

gam3

kam1

ki̯ǝm1

ki̯ǝm3

ki̯ǝm1

ki̯ǝm3

ki̯ǝm1

ki̯ǝm3

ki̯ǝm1

ki̯ǝm3

jīn

gan1

ki̯ǝn1

ki̯ǝn1

jīn

jìn

gam1

gam3

kam1

gam1

gam3

kam1

g‘i̯ǝm3

g‘i̯ǝm3

g‘i̯ǝm3

g‘i̯ǝm3

jīn

laak6

lak6

lǝk

jīn

k‘i̯ǝm1

jīn

gam1

kam1

ki̯ǝm1

ki̯ǝm1

jīn

kam1

ki̯ǝm1

ki̯ǝm1

jīn

jìn

gam1

gam1

ki̯ǝm1

ki̯ǝm1

ki̯ǝm1

ki̯ǝm1

jīn

gan1

ki̯ǝn1

ngi̯ĕn2

ki̯ǝn1

ngi̯ɛn2

jīn

ki̯ǝm1

jǐn

gan2

g‘i̯ĕn3

jǐn

zeon2

tsi̯ĕn2

jǐn

gaan2

hong4

ki̯ǝn2

jǐn

tsi̯ǝm2

tsậm1

jǐn

tsi̯ǝm2

ts‘i̯ǝm2

jǐn

gaan2

tsi̯ǝm2

jǐn

jìn

gan2

gan6

gan2

gan6

g‘i̯ĕn3

g‘i̯ĕn3

g‘i̯ɛn3

g‘i̯ɛn3

jǐn

zeon2

jǐn

ki̯ǝn2

jǐn

gan2

g‘i̯ĕn1

ki̯ǝn2

g‘i̯ɛn1

ki̯ǝn2

jǐn

gan2

gan6

kan4

g‘i̯ĕn3

jǐn

jìn

kan4

kan4

g‘i̯ǝn1

ki̯ǝn2

g‘i̯ǝn1

ki̯ǝn2

g‘i̯ǝn1

ki̯ǝn2

g‘i̯ǝn1

ki̯ǝn2

jǐn

gan2

ki̯ǝn2

jǐn

jìn

gan2

gan6

gan2

gan6

g‘i̯ĕn3

g‘i̯ĕn3

g‘i̯ɛn3

g‘i̯ɛn3

jǐn

ki̯ǝn2

jǐn

jìn

gan2

gan6

gan2

gan6

g‘i̯ĕn3

g‘i̯ĕn3

g‘i̯ɛn3

g‘i̯ɛn3

jǐn

jìn

zeon6

zeon6

dz‘i̯ĕn2

tsi̯ĕn2

dz‘i̯ĕn2

tsi̯ĕn2

dz‘i̯ĕn2

tsi̯ĕn2

dz‘i̯ĕn2

tsi̯ĕn2

jǐn

gan2

ki̯ĕn2

ki̯ĕn2

jǐn

jìn

gan2

gan2

jǐn

jìn

gan2

gan6

gan2

gan6

g‘i̯ĕn3

g‘i̯ĕn3

g‘i̯ɛn3

g‘i̯ɛn3

jǐn

gan2

ki̯ǝn2

ki̯ǝn2

jǐn

gam2

ki̯ǝm2

ki̯ǝm2

jǐn

gan2

gan6

g‘i̯ĕn3

g‘i̯ɛn3

jìn

gaam1

gaam3

kaam4

naap1

ki̯ǝm1

jìn

gaam3

g‘i̯ĕn1

ki̯ǝn3

jìn

gam3

ki̯ǝm3

jìn

kaam5

χăm1

jìn

zeon6

zi̯ĕn3

jìn

caam4

saam4

tṣi̯ǝm1

jìn

zeon6

jìn

caam1

caan2

zaam3

jìn

lam4

zim4

ngi̯ɒm1

jìn

ngi̯ǝn1

jìn

zeon3

tsi̯ĕn3

jìn

san4

tśi̯ĕn3

źi̯ĕn1

jìn

gaam3

ging6

g‘i̯ǝm2

i̯ǝm3

jìn

gaam3

g‘i̯ǝm3

jìn

gam3

ki̯ǝm3

ngi̯ǝm2

jìn

g‘i̯ǝm3

jìn

ki̯ǝn3

jìn

ging3

ging6

ki̯äng3

ki̯ĕng3

jìn

gam3

kam1

g‘i̯ǝm2

g‘i̯ǝm3

g‘i̯ǝm2

g‘i̯ǝm3

jìn

gan2

gan6

g‘i̯ĕn1

g‘i̯ĕn3

g‘i̯ɛn1

g‘i̯ɛn3

jìn

kam5

tś‘i̯äm1

χiem1

χăm1

jìn

zam3

-ǝm1??

jìn

zeon3

tsi̯ĕn3

tsi̯ĕn3

jìn

zeon3

tsi̯ĕn3

tsi̯ĕn3

jìn

zeon3

jìn

t‘iei3

t‘-3!!

jìn

tsi̯ĕn3

jìn

g‘i̯ĕn3

jìn

zam3

tsi̯ǝm3

ts‘i̯ǝm1

tsi̯ǝm3

ts‘i̯ǝm1

jìn

daam1

zaam3

dˆ‘i̯ǝm1

k‘ăm2

tậm1

d‘i̯ǝm1

k‘ɛm2

tǝm1

jìn

tsi̯ǝm3

jìn

zeon6

dẓ‘i̯ĕn2

dz‘i̯ĕn2

tsi̯ĕn1

zi̯ĕn3

jìn

zeon2

zeon6

zi̯ĕn3

zi̯ĕn3

jìn

tsi̯ĕn3

jìn

gan2

kan4

g‘i̯ĕn3

g‘i̯ǝn1

g‘i̯ǝn2

jìn

zeon3

tsi̯ĕn3

tsi̯ĕn3

jìn

kei4

-ǝn1??

jìn

gan2

-ǝn1??

jìn

zeon2

zi̯ĕn3

zi̯ĕn3

jìn

ngi̯ǝm1

jìn

zeon2

zi̯ĕn3

zi̯ĕn3

jìn

zeon2

-ien1??

jìn

gan6

kan5

g‘i̯ǝn2

g‘i̯ǝn3

g‘i̯ǝn2

g‘i̯ǝn3

jìn

zeon3

jìn

zeon3

tsi̯ĕn3

tsi̯ĕn3

jìn

cim1

tsi̯äm1

ts‘i̯ǝm2

tsǝm1!!

ts‘i̯ǝm2

jìn

kam4

g‘i̯ǝm1

g‘i̯ǝm1

jìn

gan3

ki̯ǝn3

ki̯ǝn3

jìn

g‘i̯ǝm3

jìn