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Mandarin Toneless

Mandarin All Tones

Baxter Pulleyblank Karlgren

Mandarin

Cantonese

MCB

OCB

huā

huà

faa3

faa3

xwæH

xwæH

[ngwr]ajs

[ngwr]ajs

huā

huá

jip6

waa1

waa4

jip6

waa1

waa4

huā

waak6

xwek

xwæk

[]-

[]-

huā

faa1

xwæ

huā

huá

huà

faa1

waa4

waa6

faa1

waa4

waa6

faa1

waa4

waa6

hwæ

hwæH

xwæ

hwæ

hwæH

xwæ

hwæ

hwæH

xwæ

[gwr]a

[gwr]as

[wr]a

[gwr]a

[gwr]as

[wr]a

[gwr]a

[gwr]as

[wr]a

huā

faa1

wjeX

huā

hwæ

huā

xwɛk

huá

wan4

hwon

hwonX

huá

gwaat1

waa4

wat6

hwɛt

huá

wat6

wok6

hwɛt

huá

huà

waa4

waa4

hwæ

kwaH

kwaX

hwæ

kwaH

kwaX

[gw]ajs

[gwr]aj

[kw]ajʔ

[gw]ajs

[gwr]aj

[kw]ajʔ

huá

huà

waak6

waak6

hwɛk

xwɛk

hwɛk

xwɛk

huá

saai5

si6

hwæt

xwɛjH

xwɛɨH

[]-

[hng]-s

[hng]-s

huá

waa4

waa6

hwæ

hwæH

huá

gwat1

waat6

hwot

hwɛt

kwot

[gw]ɨt

[gwr]ɨt

[kw]ɨt

huá

kui2

kwajH

[kw]ats

huá

waat6

hwɛt

[gwr]ɨt

huá

kui2

kwajH

kwɛɨH

huá

hwɛt

huá

waat6

hwɛt

huá

waa1

xwæ

[wr]a

huá

kut3

xwat

[w]at

huá

wu1

u

huá

ng4

waa4

hwæ

ngu

huá

waa4

hwæ

huá

waa4

hwæ

[gwr]a

huǎ

hwæX

xjwie

huà

waa6

zyu5

hwæH

huà

wai4

wik6

hwɛj

huà

waak6

xwɛk

huà

waak6

tsrwɛk

xwɛk

huà

khuH

huà

waak6

hwɛk

huà

waa6

hwæH

[wr]as

huà

faa3

xwæH

huà

waa6

[g]a

huà

waa4

waa6

hwæ

hwæH

huà

hwɛɨH

huà

waa2

waak6

huà

waa2

waa6

waak6

hwɛk

hwɛɨH

[g]et

[g]ets

huà

huà

fo1

hwæX

khwa

huà

waak6

hwɛɨH

xwɛk

[]et

[g]ets

huà

haai6

waa6

hwæX

huà

waa2

waa6

hwɛɨH

[gwr]ats

huà

xwæH

xwɛɨH

huà

xæjH

huà

waa5

hwæX

[gwr]ajʔ

huà

gwo2

hwaX

hwojX

hwæX

kwaX

[gw]ajʔ

[gw]ɨjʔ

[gwr]ajʔ

[kw]ajʔ

huà

gwai1

hɛɨ

khwej

kwej

[kr]e

[kw]ij

[w]ij

Mandarin

EM

Cantonese

LMC

EMC

OCP

huā

huà

xwaă`

xwaă`

faa3

faa3

xwaaă`

xwaaă`

xwarʰ

xwarʰ

[xwr]álʃ

[xwr]álʃ

huā

huá

jip6

waa1

waa4

jip6

waa1

waa4

huā

waak6

xjyajk

xwaajk

xwark

xwɛjk

[*]-

[*]-

huā

xwaă

faa1

xwaaă

xwar

huā

huá

huà

xwaă`

xwaă´

xwaă`

xwaă´

xwaă`

xwaă´

faa1

waa4

waa6

faa1

waa4

waa6

faa1

waa4

waa6

xwaaă

xɦwaaă

xɦwaaă`

xwaaă

xɦwaaă

xɦwaaă`

xwaaă

xɦwaaă

xɦwaaă`

xwar

ɣwar

ɣwarʰ

xwar

ɣwar

ɣwarʰ

xwar

ɣwar

ɣwarʰ

[mxr]áɣ

[ăkwr]áɣ

[ăkwr]áɣʃ

[mxr]áɣ

[ăkwr]áɣ

[ăkwr]áɣʃ

[mxr]áɣ

[ăkwr]áɣ

[ăkwr]áɣʃ

huā

faa1

yj´

wiăˀ

huā

xɦwaaă

ɣwar

huā

xwaajk

xwɛrjk

huá

wan4

xɦun

xɦun´

ɣwǝn

ɣwǝnˀ

huá

gwaat1

waa4

wat6

xɦwaat

ɣwɛrt

huá

wat6

wok6

xɦwaat

ɣwɛrt

huá

huà

xwaă´

xwaă´

waa4

waa4

kuaă`

kuaă´

xɦwaaă

kuaă`

kuaă´

xɦwaaă

kwaăʰ

kwaăˀ

ɣwar

kwaăʰ

kwaăˀ

ɣwar

[kw]álă

[kw]álʃ

[ăkwr]ál

[kw]álă

[kw]álʃ

[ăkwr]ál

huá

huà

xwaj´

xwaj´

waak6

waak6

xwaajk

xɦwaajk

xwaajk

xɦwaajk

xwɛrjk

ɣwɛrjk

xwɛrjk

ɣwɛrjk

huá

saai5

si6

xaaj

xaaj`

xɦwaat

xwarjʰ

xwɛrjʰ

ɣwart

[*]-

[*]-ʃ

[*]-ʃ

huá

waa4

waa6

xɦwaaă

xɦwaaă`

ɣwar

ɣwarʰ

huá

xwaă´

gwat1

waat6

kut

xɦut

xɦwaat

kwǝt

ɣwǝt

ɣwɛrt

[kw]ə́t

[ăkw]ə́t

[ăkwr]ə́t

huá

kui2

kuaj`

kwajʰ

[kw]átʃ

huá

xwaă´

waat6

xɦwaat

ɣwɛrt

[ăkwr]ə́t

huá

kuj`

kui2

kaaj

kuaj`

kwajʰ

kwarjʰ

huá

xɦwaat

ɣwɛrt

huá

waat6

xɦwaat

ɣwɛrt

huá

xwaă´

waa1

xwaaă

xwar

[mxr]áɣ

huá

kut3

xuat

xwat

[mx]át

huá

wu1

ʔuă

ʔɔ

huá

ng4

waa4

xɦwaaă

ŋuă

ŋɔ

ɣwar

huá

waa4

xɦwaaă

ɣwar

huá

xwaă´

waa4

xɦwaaă

ɣwar

[ăkwr]áɣ

huǎ

xjyj

xɦwaaă´

xjwiă

ɣwarˀ

huà

waa6

zyu5

xɦwaaă`

ɣwarʰ

huà

wai4

wik6

xɦaaj

ɣwɛrj

huà

waak6

xwaajk

xwɛrjk

huà

waak6

tʂwaajk

xwaajk

tʂwɛrjk

xwɛrjk

huà

k‘uă`

k‘ɔʰ

huà

waak6

xɦwaajk

ɣwɛrjk

huà

waa6

xɦwaaă`

ɣwarʰ

[ăkwr]áɣʃ

huà

faa3

xwaaă`

xwarʰ

huà

waa6

[‑]aɣ

huà

xwaă`

waa4

waa6

xɦwaaă

xɦwaaă`

ɣwar

ɣwarʰ

huà

xɦwaaj`

ɣwarjʰ

huà

waa2

waak6

huà

xwaj´

waa2

waa6

waak6

xɦwaaj`

xɦwaajk

ɣwarjʰ

ɣwɛrjk

[*]akjʃ

[ăkwr]ákj

huà

xwaă`

huà

fo1

k‘uaă

xɦwaaă´

k‘waă

ɣwarˀ

huà

waak6

xwaajk

xɦwaaj`

xwɛrjk

ɣwarjʰ

[*]akjʃ

[mxr]ákj

huà

haai6

waa6

xɦwaaă´

ɣwarˀ

huà

xwaă`

waa2

waa6

xɦaaj

ɣwarjʰ

[ăkwr]átʃ

huà

xwaaj`

xwaaă`

xwarjʰ

xwarʰ

huà

xjaaj`

xɛrjʰ

huà

waa5

xɦwaaă´

ɣwarˀ

[ăkwr]álă

huà

gwo2

kuaă´

xɦuaj´

xɦuaă´

xɦwaaă´

*ɣwǝjˀ

kwaăˀ

ɣwarˀ

ɣwaăˀ

[kw]álă

[ăkw]álă

[ăkw]ə́lă

[ăkwr]álă

huà

gwai1

kjyaj

k‘jyaj

xɦjaaj

kwɛj

k‘wɛj

ɣarj

[xw]ə́j

[xw]ə́j

[ăkr]áj

Mandarin

Cantonese

MCK

OCK

huā

huà

faa3

faa3

χwa3

χwa3

χwa3

χwa3

huā

huá

jip6

waa1

waa4

jip6

waa1

waa4

huā

waak6

χiwek

χwak

χ-4!!

χ-4!!

huā

faa1

χwa1

huā

huá

huà

faa1

waa4

waa6

faa1

waa4

waa6

faa1

waa4

waa6

ɣwa1

ɣwa3

χwa1

ɣwa1

ɣwa3

χwa1

ɣwa1

ɣwa3

χwa1

g‘wå1

g‘wå3

χwå1

g‘wå1

g‘wå3

χwå1

g‘wå1

g‘wå3

χwå1

huā

faa1

i̯uiḙ2

huā

ɣwa1

huā

χwɛk

huá

wan4

ɣuǝn1

ɣuǝn2

huá

gwaat1

waa4

wat6

ɣwăt

huá

wat6

wok6

ɣwăt

huá

huà

waa4

waa4

kuâ2

kuâ3

ɣwa1

kuâ2

kuâ3

ɣwa1

g‘wa1

kwâ2

kwâ3

g‘wa1

kwâ2

kwâ3

huá

huà

waak6

waak6

ɣwɛk

χwɛk

ɣwɛk

χwɛk

huá

saai5

si6

ɣwăt

χwai3

χwăi3

g‘-4!!

χ-3!!

χ-3!!

huá

waa4

waa6

ɣwa1

ɣwa3

huá

gwat1

waat6

kuǝt

ɣuǝt

ɣwăt

g‘wǝt1

g‘wɛt1

kwǝt1

huá

kui2

kwâi3

kwâd3

huá

waat6

ɣwăt

g‘wɛt1

huá

kui2

kwai3

kwâi3

huá

ɣwăt

huá

waat6

ɣwăt

huá

waa1

χwa1

χwå1

huá

kut3

χuât

χwât1

huá

wu1

ˑuo1

huá

ng4

waa4

nguo1

ɣwa1

huá

waa4

ɣwa1

huá

waa4

ɣwa1

g‘wå1

huǎ

ɣwa2

χiwiḙ1

huà

waa6

zyu5

ɣwa3

huà

wai4

wik6

ɣwăi1

huà

waak6

χwɛk

huà

waak6

tṣwɛk

χwɛk

huà

k‘uo3

huà

waak6

ɣwɛk

huà

waa6

ɣwa3

g‘wå3

huà

faa3

χwa3

huà

waa6

-âg1??

huà

waa4

waa6

ɣwa1

ɣwa3

huà

ɣwai3

huà

waa2

waak6

huà

waa2

waa6

waak6

ɣwai3

ɣwɛk

g‘iek3!!

g‘wĕk1

huà

huà

fo1

k‘uâ1

ɣwa2

huà

waak6

ɣwai3

χwɛk

g‘iek3!!

χwĕk1

huà

haai6

waa6

ɣwa2

huà

waa2

waa6

ɣwai3

g‘wad3

huà

χwa3

χwai3

huà

χăi3

huà

waa5

ɣwa2

g‘wa2

huà

gwo2

kuâ2

ɣuâ2

ɣuậi2

ɣwa2

g‘wa2

g‘wâ2

g‘wǝr2

kwâ2

huà

gwai1

kiwei1

k‘iwei1

ɣai1

g‘ĕg1

kiweg1

k‘iweg1