Karlgren

Karlgren

Mandarin Cantonese MCB OCB
ni3
ning2
yi2
ji4
ngi
[ngw(r)j]ɨ
ni3
ji4
ji5
ngiX
[ngw(r)j]ɨʔ
ai4
ngoi6
ngojH
[ngw]ɨs
ning2
jing4
king4
nging
ngingH
[ngw(r)j]ɨng
[ngw(r)j]ɨngs
chi1
ci1
trhi
Mandarin EM Cantonese LMC EMC OCP
ni3
ning2
yi2
iŋ`
ji4
ŋi
ŋɨ
[ăx]ə̀ɣ
ni3
ji4
ji5
ŋi´
ŋɨˀ
[ăx]ə̀ɣă
ai4
ngoi6
ŋaj`
ŋǝjʰ
[ăx]ə́ɣʃ
ning2
iŋ´
jing4
king4
ŋiăŋ
ŋiăŋ`
ŋiŋ
ŋiŋʰ
[ăx]ə̀ŋ
[ăx]ə̀ŋʃ
chi1
tʂ‘i
ci1
tr‘i
tr‘ɨ
Mandarin Cantonese MCK OCK
ni3
ning2
yi2
ji4
ngi1
ngi̯ǝg1
ni3
ji4
ji5
ngi2
ngi̯ǝg2
ai4
ngoi6
ngậi3
ngǝg3
ning2
jing4
king4
ngi̯ǝng1
ngi̯ǝng3
ngi̯ǝng1
ngi̯ǝng3
chi1
ci1
tˆ‘i1