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Early Mandarin

Early Mandarin

Baxter Pulleyblank Karlgren

MCB

OCB

ngjoX

[ngw(r)j]aʔ

ngjoX

[ngw(r)j]aʔ

wjuX

[w(r)j]aʔ

wjuX

[j]oʔ

ngjoX

[ngw(r)j]aʔ

ngjoX

[ngw(r)j]aʔ

ngju

ngjuH

[ngw(r)j]as

[ngw(r)j]o

wjuH

wjuX

[w(r)j]as

[w(r)j]aʔ

jo

joH

joX

[(r)j]a

[j]as

[j]aʔ

ngjoH

ngjoX

[ngw(r)j]as

[ngw(r)j]aʔ

wjuH

wjuX

[w(r)j]as

[w(r)j]aʔ

ngjo

ngjoX

ngu

wjuX

EM

LMC

EMC

OCP

yˇ

ŋiă´

ŋɨăˀ

[ăx]àɣă

yˇ

ŋiă´

ŋɨăˀ

[ăx]àɣă

yˇ

yă´

wuăˀ

[w]àɣă

yˇ

jyă´

wuăˀ

[wj]àɥă

yˇ

ŋiă´

ŋɨăˀ

[ăx]àɣă

yˇ

ŋiă´

ŋɨăˀ

[ăx]àɣă

yˇ

ŋyă

ŋyă`

ŋuă

ŋuăʰ

[ăx]àɥ

[ăxw]àɣʃ

yˇ

yă`

yă´

wuăʰ

wuăˀ

[w]àɣă

[w]àɣʃ

yˇ

iă

jiă`

jiă´

jɨă

jɨăʰ

jɨăˀ

[ɣ]àɣ

[ɣj]àɣă

[ɣj]àɣʃ

yˇ

ŋiă`

ŋiă´

ŋɨăʰ

ŋɨăˀ

[ăx]àɣă

[ăx]àɣʃ

yˇ

yă`

yă´

wuăʰ

wuăˀ

[w]àɣă

[w]àɣʃ

yˇ

ŋiă

ŋiă´

ŋuă

ŋɔ

ŋɨă

ŋɨăˀ

yˇ

jyă´

wuăˀ

MCK

OCK

ngi̯wo2

ngi̯o2

ngi̯wo2

ngi̯o2

i̯u̯2

di̯wo2

i̯u̯2

di̯u2

ngi̯wo2

ngi̯o2

ngi̯wo2

ngi̯o2

ngi̯u1

ngi̯u3

ngi̯u1

ngug3!!

i̯u̯2

i̯u̯3

di̯wo2

di̯wo3

i̯wo1

i̯wo2

i̯wo3

zi̯o1

zi̯o2

zi̯o3

ngi̯wo2

ngi̯wo3

ngi̯o2

ngi̯o3

i̯u̯2

i̯u̯3

di̯wo2

di̯wo3

ngi̯wo1

ngi̯wo2

nguo1

i̯u̯2